CERTIFICATE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ( A05 )

A05-01     Fundamentals of Introduction:    What is Computer, Characteristics of Computers; The Evolution of Computers; The

Information Technology     Computer Generations (First Generation (1942-1955), Second Generation (1955 – 1964), Third             Generation (1964 – 1975), Fourth Generation (1975 – 1989), Fifth Generation (1989 – Present)),  

Basic Computer System Organisation: Input Unit; Output Unit; Storage Unit; Arithmetic Logic Unit; Control Unit; Central Processing Unit; The  System Concept, 

Classification of Computers: Notebook Computers; Personal Computers (PCs); Workstations; Mainframe Systems; Supercomputers; Clients and Servers. 

Data Representation (BCD, EBCDIC, ASCII) and Number systems (Binary, Hexadecimal and Octal), Computer Arithmetic, Non-Positional Number Systems; Positional Number Systems (Binary Number System, Octal  Number System, Hexadecimal Number System); Converting One number System to Another (Converting to Decimal from Another Base, Converting from Decimal to Another Base (Division-Remainder Technique), Converting from a Base Other Than 10 to a Base Other Than 10, Shortcut  Method for Binary to Octal Conversion, Shortcut Method for Octal to Binary Conversion, Shortcut Method for Binary to  Hexadecimal Conversion, Shortcut Method  for Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion); Fractional Numbers. 

FILE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: Files in Computers, Directories and Names  (Partitions, Per-Process Root Directory, Directory Structure, Directory Entries); Types of File System Objects; File System Functions; Information Types; File System Architecture (Access Methods, Access Control, File Locking, Blocking, Allocation, Free  Space). 

Processor and Memory: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) (The Control Unit, The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Instruction Set, Registers, Processor Speed, Types of Processors); The Main Memory (Storage Evaluation Criteria, Main Memory Organization, Main Memory Capacity, RAM, ROM, PROM and EPROM, Cache Memory. 

Secondary Storage Devices : Sequential and Direct-Access Devices; Magnetic Tape (Basic Principles of Operation, Types of Magnetic Tapes, Advantages and Limitations of Magnetic Tapes, Uses of Magnetic Disks); Optical Disk (Basic Principles of Operation, Types of Optical Disks, Advantages and Limitations of Optical  Disks, Uses of Optical Disks); Mass Storage Devices (Disk Array, Automated Tape Library, CD-ROM Jukebox); Storage Hierarchy. 

Input-Output Devices : Input Devices (Keyboard Devices, Point-and-Draw  Devices, Data Scanning Devices, Digitizer, Electronic Card Reader, Voice  Recognition Devices, Vision-Input System); Output Devices (Monitors, Printers, Plotters, Screen Image Projector, Voice Response Systems). 

Computer Languages: Analogy with Natural Languages; Machine Language (Advantages and Limitations of Machine Language); Assembly Language (Assembler, Advantages of 

                      Operating System           Assembly Language over Machine Language, Limitations of Assembly Language, Assembly

Languages with Macro Instructions); High-Level Language (Compiler, Linker, Interpreter, Advantages and Limitations of High-Level Languages); Object-Oriented Programming Languages; Some HighLevel Languages (FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal); Some More  High-Level Languages (C and C++, Java, RPG, LISP, SNOBOL); Characteristics of a Good Programming Language; Selecting a Language for Coding an Application; Subprogram. Computer Software (System Software and Application Software) 

Application Software Packages: Word-Processing Package (What it is?, Commonly Supported Features); Spreadsheet Package (What it is?, Commonly Supported Features); Graphics Package (What it is?, Commonly Supported Features); Personal Assistance Package (What it is?, Commonly Supported Features).,  Data and Information 

Introduction: Machine Hardware (Traps and  Interrupts, Multimode Execution); Operating System Structure (Operating System Types, Operating  System Kernel, The  Boot Process), What is

Operating system, Main functions of Operating System  

PROCESS MANAGEMENT: Process  Scheduling; Process State; Scheduling Criteria; Scheduling 

Algorithms (First-Come First-Served, Shortest Job First, Shortest Remaining Time, Round Robin, Priority, Multilevel feedback Queues); Scheduling Algorithm Performance; Process  Attributes (Run State and Scheduling, Memory Management, Hardware State, Signaling, Access Control, Input and Output, Other); Process  Supervisor Calls. 

INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION AND SYNCHRONIZATION: Interprocess Communication;

Process Synchronization (Critical Section, Interrupt Disabling, Test and Set Instruction, Swap Instruction, Wait and Signal, Semaphores, Dekker’s Algorithm, Peterson’s Algorithm, Bakery Algorithm, Monitors); Deadlock (Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, Recovery from Deadlock, Ostrich Algorithm). 

MEMORY MANAGEMENT:            Single   Absolute           Partition;      Single   Relocatable                   Partition,

Multiprogramming; Multiple Partitions (Multiple Fixed Partitions, Multiple Variable Partitions (Partition Selection Algorithms); Buddy  System; Simple Paging; Simple Segmentation; Segmentation with Paging; Page and Segment Tables (Associative Memory, Inverted Page  Table (Swapping,

Overlaying). 

VIRTUAL MEMORY: Demand Paging (Locality of Reference, Page Locking, Page Size, Page Replacement Algorithms, Algorithm Performance, Allocation Policies, Working Set, Prepaging); Segmentation. 

FILE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: Directories and Names (Partitions, Per-Process Root Directory, Directory Structure, Directory Entries); Types of File System Objects; File System Functions; Information Types; File System Architecture (Access Methods, Access

                                                                        Control, File Locking, Blocking, Allocation, Free Space). 

DEVICE MANAGEMENT: Hardware I/O Organization (I/O Control, Port and MemoryMapped I/O, Module Registers, Busy Wait I/O, Polled I/O, Interrupt I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA)); Software Organization (Network I/O, Logical I/O, Buffering, Caching, Device Drivers); Devices (Graphics, Text-Based Displays, Storage Disks, Hard-Disk Performance, Hard-Disk Scheduling, Formatting, Raid, RAM Disks). SECURITY: Authentication (Passwords, Physical Authentication); Prevention; Detection;  Correction; Identification; Threat Categories; Program Threats. 

DOS: MS-DOS (DOS as Operating System) Internal and External Commands, Naming of files, Primary and Secondary Names. Basic commands (Date, Time, Rename, Copy, Copy Con ) Directory handling commands (RD, MD,CD, DIR, Type, Date, Time, Path), External Commands (Print, Format, Tree, Sort, Find), batch files 

Windows: MS Windows Introduction Getting started, Desktop Icons, Window elements and buttons, working with mouse, opening and closing documents, finding files and folders, starting programs using RUN command, Window Explorer, Setting Printer, Paint Brush, Note Pad, Word Pad. Organizing files on computer. 

Introduction to other multi user operating systems like UNIX, Linux, Window NT and 2000 

 A05-03           DBMS using MS-ACCESS    Introduction to Databases, DBMS and RDBMS: Introduction, Information, Quality of

                                                                           Information, Information Processing, What is a Database?, Why a Database?,

                                                                                Characteristics of Data in a Database, What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?,  

Need for DBMS, Types of DBMS, Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS),

RDBMS Terminology, Relational Data Structure, Relational Data Integrity,  

Introduction to Access:  Introduction MS Access, Benefits of Ms-Access,  What is New in Ms-Access, Overview of Ms-Access, Launching Ms-Access  Applications,  Switching between  Ms-Access Applications, Ms-Access  Help System, Detect & Repair Windows, Menus and Toolbars,  Closing (Existing) Office Applications, Windows, Menus, Dialog

Boxes and Toolbars, Application Windows, The Application’s Workplace, Document

Navigation, Working with Several Document Windows, Menus and Dialog Boxes, Dialog Box Options, Toolbars, Printing Documents, Exercises. Introduction to objects, tables, queries, forms, creating a database. 

Data types in MS Access, Creating Tables, Designing tables, working with tables in design view, working with fields properties, naming the fields, setting data types, primary key,  Ms-Access Basics:  Introduction, Starting Access, Access Startup Dialog Box, Menus and

Toolbars, Using Toolbar Buttons, Arranging Buttons on the Toolbar, Viewing Data,

Creating an Ms-Access Database  and Tables, Database Properties, Modifying Tables, Creating Forms, Entering and Updating Data Using Forms, Navigating between Records in a Form, Finding, Editing and Deleting Data in a Form, Using Ms-Access Help, Using Answer Wizard, Using the Contents Tab to Get Help,  Using the Index Tab to ger Help, Exercises. 

Queries: Creating queries, Introduction to queries. Writing simple queries. Working with queries, using query design grid, adding table to query design grid, sorting, handling null values, using simple query wizard. 

Creating forms: Understanding forms, working in design view, components of design view, sections of forms, assigning properties to forms, modifying form properties, Creating forms with Wizard, 

Report: Creating Reports, Introduction to Reports. Using Report Wizard, Auto reports, designing reports, setting report properties, viewing reports in report view, printing reports 

Eligibility : 10th